

Furthermore, the effect of changed canopy cover during growing period should be taken into consideration under crop cultivation underlying condition meanwhile, the variation of water flow and evaporation induced by crop residues or direct straw return in farmland can be quantified through determining the amount of the hydrophilic oxygen-containing functional groups and the change of soil pore-size distribution. Besides, the physical and chemical effects of formed salt crust at plastic film holes cannot be ignored under plastic mulch underlying condition. For salt-affected cultivated soils, specifically, salt precipitation, crystallization, and capillary force are the non-negligible actions affecting water movement and evaporation.

This review critically discusses how plastic mulch, salt, and crop cultivation/plant by-products affect groundwater evaporation and further reveals their action mechanisms. However, knowledge of groundwater evaporation under plastic film-covered cultivation pattern remains vague in terms of action mechanism. Plastic mulching has therefore emerged gradually, becoming a globally applied agricultural practice for its benefits such as salt cumulation control, soil environment regulation, and crop yield improvement. Under recent years of poor land management, soil salinization is becoming a serious environmental issue, especially in the arid regions having strong evaporation and shallow groundwater table. Groundwater is a main type of natural resource, and groundwater evaporation is an important part of the cropland water cycle. that would normally be damaged during maintenance, can be salvaged by applying Fluid Film®.

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